Reducing greenhouse gas emissions starts with knowing where they come from — and that’s where Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions come in. Scope 1 covers direct emissions from company-owned sources, Scope 2 includes indirect emissions from purchased energy, and Scope 3 captures all other indirect emissions across the value chain, from suppliers to end-users. While Scope 1 and 2 reporting is mandatory, Scope 3 is voluntary — and often the most complex to measure. Yet, companies that manage to measure all three gain a clearer view of their environmental impact and unlock the greatest opportunities for reduction. In a world moving toward net zero, this comprehensive approach is quickly becoming a standard for responsible business.